In 2014, more than 39% of the adults, who were 18 years or older, were overweight with 13% being obese. Consequently, the prevalence of obesity nearly doubled worldwide since 1980. The main factors are the consumption of high-calorie or high-fat foods, insufficient physical activity, and a shift towards a well-developed sedentary lifestyle.
Over the last century, obesity has emerged as leading global health concern through recent environmental and societal changes, favoring a positive energy balance and weight gain. Thus, therapeutic strategies are warranted, which can be easily used for the management of obese patients with type 2 diabetes to achieve their glycemic and weight loss goals. These therapies may promote additional weight gain and further trigger the deterioration of blood glucose control. Besides, attention should also be drawn to concomitant therapies. However, not all of these strategies are suitable for all patients, and any further needs should be considered. Weight reduction can be achieved via different weight loss strategies, including lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise), pharmacotherapy, or bariatric surgery. Moreover, it is essential for monitoring the course of weight reduction, which is part of every effective anti-obesity treatment. Since reduced muscle mass is highly prevalent throughout the BMI range, the measurement of body composition is strongly recommended. Until today the BMI is still used to classify overweight and obesity. This close relationship led to the connotation ‘diabesity’, highlighting the fact that the majority of individuals with diabetes are overweight or obese. It has become one of the leading causes of death, as obesity is known to be the main risk factor for a number of non-communicable diseases, in particular type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease affecting adults and children worldwide.
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